CJUS 420 Discussion Board and topic research Instructions...

Discussion Board Instructions There will be 7 Discussion Board Forums throughout this course. You are required to provide a thread in response to the provided topic for each forum. Each thread is to be 150–200 words, cite at least 2 sources, and demonstrate course-related knowledge. In addition to the thread, you are required to reply to 2 other classmates’ threads. Each reply must be 125–150 words and must cite at least 2 sources. Acceptable sources include the textbook, peer-reviewed journal articles, government sources, professional association websites, etc. Each discussion will also require a biblical reference/quote (which is not a part of the original source count). Responding to a classmate’s post requires both the addition of†¦show more content†¦The influx of huge amounts of information, evolving technology had challenged criminal investigation systems and for that matter, the investigators. Any violations in Law lead to involvement of criminal investigation. The court bears all the expenses of the procedures in investigating the case, except the defence lawyer hired by the accused. In situations where the accused cannot afford, the state is liable to pay for his lawyer. It is a must that all the witnesses of the prosecution and the defence appear to the trial. In a criminal investigation, there is the need to break down two things. Firstly, the investigation itself and secondly the investigator involved. It is of utmost importance that the criminal investigation is done accurately, failure to do so will have negative consequences on the society. Investigation involves the collection of facts, scenarios and situations which are directly or indirectly related with the case. Whereas investigator is the person who should observe, question, analyze and scrutinize the available details. Careful evaluation then helps to achieve the much needed evidence. Criminal investigation is one of the most essential functions of the Law Enforcement agencies, as it is their prime responsibility to maintain a secure environment and

Racism And The Human Race - 2009 Words

Hatred and disdain is the deep embedded seed that is planted in American soil, especially, in the American South towards Black’s. This seed of hatred towards Black’s is being cultivated to superciliously think that Black’s are inferior to their counterparts. The fruits of labor that is produced from this tree are bitter, distasteful and poisonous to the development of equality of the human race, especially, towards Black’s. This births forth the mentality to always fear Black’s and that Black’s are subjects that need to be submitted to subjugation in order to achieve civility of the human race. Thus, the latter mentioned develops into a deadly perception that is growing like consuming fire; in addition, this deadly perception is not only thought but also being instilled and engraved in humanity. Consequently, this is why equality for Black’s shall always be a challenge to achieve because this deadly perception infiltrates our cognitiv e process and morality to be colorblind. Even though we are all members of ONE human race Blacks shall never be equal to white counterparts who microscopically stigmatized Black’s through racial cultural lens and racial profiling. This paper shall implores the true legitimization of the Black Experience in the American South via objectivity and factual truths dating back from day of arrival to present. In addition, to portray the brutality and inequality that still exists. It has been approximately three hundred ninety-six years (396)Show MoreRelatedEcological Crisis Has Been Associated With The Environmental Pollution1307 Words   |  6 Pagesmisunderstanding that exists between the environment and living organism particularly, the human race. The major ecological crisis has been associated with the environmental pollution (Westra 122). Notably, race and ethnicity have been considered to be significant contributing factors to the ecological crisis than the economic income and class. Ecological crisis has since led to racism particularly in regions occupied by different races. For instance, the affluent black communities have been associated with highRead MoreEssay on Racism583 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is Racism? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Racism is one of those unusual things which seem to escape the understanding of clear and to the point definition. Racism is a system of racial discrimination and prejudice. The concept of race as classifying people can be seen as misleading people and prejudicial as far as it’s involved in the quality of human life. The term race has been quite confusing because of its four principle connotations. 1. Physical anthropologists have called races the variousRead MoreA Brief Note On Social Construction Of Race Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Construction of Race One of the social reforms that are argued to have been achieved by the contemporary society is acknowledged that all people within the society are equal irrespective of some socio-cultural differences such as race. The view that all persons are equal is ingrained in the society and supported by an array of a legal framework. One of the supporting legal frameworks is the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, which asserts that all persons must be treated with equalityRead MoreSocial Justice Issues Take Place At Various Levels : Global, National, Regional, And Local1397 Words   |  6 Pagessurfaces a prevalent social justice issue of racism. Racism is holding prejudices on the basis of the race. The issue of racism is complex one because of its far-reaching effects and implications. It makes people feel inferior, creates a gap between the people of the society. The members of racial groups that are discriminated against face unequal access and opportunities. It is harder for th em to find well-paying jobs or live in good neighborhoods. Racism exists not only in employment but also in lawRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racial Discrimination1425 Words   |  6 PagesRacism consists of ideologies and practices that seek to justify, or cause, the unequal distribution of privileges, rights or goods among different racial groups. Modern variants are often based in social perceptions of biological differences between peoples. These can take the form of social actions, practices or beliefs, or political systems that consider different races to be ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or qualitiesRead MoreThe Black Skin White Masks By Frantz Fanon1664 Words   |  7 Pages Race plays a huge role in history. In todays society race is extremely relevant. However, to truly understand race and how it has cultivated itself in todays society you must first understand the view on race in the past. Today race and racism is now discussed more openly. Which is why society has an understanding of the fact that racism still exist. Frantz Fanon uses colonization to explain how racism was cultivated in the past. Paulo Freire uses his study of the oppressed to explain how its hardRead MoreEssay on Racism1251 Words   |  6 PagesRacism Racism has often played a central role in conflicts between groups of people. Racism is the intentional or unintentional use of power to isolate, separate and exploit others as defined in the Webster dictionary. People generally respond to others differently based on what they know, which may include superficial characteristics often associated with race. This paper will express my opinion of how racism will effect America. I will base information from Webster’s definition of Racism, readingRead MoreThe Power Of Illusion : The Social Construction Of Race1378 Words   |  6 Pagesconstruction of race and the conjured up idea of different races affects many Americans on a macro and micro scale or institutionally and individually, respectively. To sociologists, this idea of a socially constructed race matters because race has a tremendous influence on people’s lives. It may be difficult to believe, but race is socially constructed. Race is something humans have fabricated; therefore, it has no biological meaning. Race is without basis in our natural world, yet humans have self-dividedRead MoreSocial Problems Associated With Racial Discrimination1209 Words   |  5 Pagesother races solely because they are different racially and culturally. Body Paragraphs: II: Basic Information on the Issue A: According to Encyclopedia Britannica, race is determined by physical and personality traits, intellect, morality, and culture (â€Å"Racism†). Racial discrimination is discriminating someone based on their race or religion (â€Å"Racism/Color Discrimination†) or prejudice against an individual or group of people of a different race because of the belief that one’s own race is superiorRead MorePeople All Around The World Face Racism And Discrimination1168 Words   |  5 Pagesthe world face racism and discrimination. Racism is a globally used word, and more than one race is capable of suffering its wrath. There are examples of it throughout history in all regions of the world. Racism can and does affect any race, whether it be: Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, Indian, Muslim, Jewish and others. More than one race can be racist, people in the past have overcome racism, and Catholic social teachings believe that everyone should have rights. Racism is the belief that

Belonging Band of Brothers Free Essays

Admat-2 by Matthew Humphreys, Band of Brothers Band of Brothers is a television series based on easy company from the 101st Airborne division, during their training and deployment to Europe throughout WW2. It follows the story of the soldiers and officers throughout the war. It is narrated throughout by Major Richard Winters from his time as a second lieutenant all the way through until he is battalion commander. We will write a custom essay sample on Belonging Band of Brothers or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is based on a true story and shows a sense of belonging that the solders feel throughout their time together along with a sense of not belonging felt by â€Å"replacements† and also by the soldiers themselves as they think of home. It has many links with Romulus in this sense because of the challenge that migrants face to belong and also through the hardships that Romulus and Raymond face with Christina`s illness. Belonging will be shaped by the challenges faced. This can be linked to band of brothers through the greater sense of belonging felt as an individual because of the struggle and challenges that the group faces. Throughout the war individuals become closer because of the battles won as a group it gives them commonality to build on. For example after easy company parachute into Normandy they are ordered to go and take out artillery positions that are defended by several machine guns. These positions are targeting Utah beach and their elimination is key to success of the landings on that beach. The German strength is estimated at 50 men; however the strength of Winters Company is 13 men, none the less they are successful in the attack. This attack is still repeated at West point as an example of how to assault a fixed position, the success of this attack gained much respect from both his superior and the men that he commanded. This respect allows them to work effectively together and gain a sense of belonging through this mutual respect for each other. This allows them to continue to build on this throughout the numerous other challenges that they face as a battalion including the charge during operation market garden in which he led a platoon of men against two battalions of German SS and drove them back over a river inflicting heavy losses. This accumulates throughout until the men see each other as family towards the end of the war. This is also evident in Romulus my father when they first come to Australia through Romulus seeking out other Romanians, this is because they face the same challenges to belong and adapt to Australian society. They gain each other’s respect through their actions for example Romulus allows them to stay with him and they return this favour by looking after Raymond when Romulus is unable to do so. Commonality is essential to belonging; this is evident in Romulus My Father as many of the characters are faced with common experiences throughout the book from living in a rural area, to being discriminated against for being a migrant and also in dealing with a family member who has a mental illness. This allows those who have experienced this commonality to feel a greater sense of belonging. In Romulus My Father Raymond and Romulus are brought closer together through Christina`s illness and mental instability. This is also evident in Band of Brothers as replacements are brought into Easy Company to replace wounded and killed solider they are not accepted into the company as they don`t have the commonality with the soldiers. They haven’t been in battle before and therefore are not trusted like those before them however once trust is gained through new common experiences allows them to understand and fell the same sense belonging. This is also evident as the original solider returns to the company after the Battle of Bastogne, it was the worst battle the company faced and because of this it was felt throughout the company that no else could understand what they had been through. It is also evident towards the end as a replacement is on patrol with a Normandy veteran, the veteran deliberately forgets and calls him by the wrong name. When the replacement asks â€Å"when are we going to jump into berlin† he is meet with a replies that this is the best of the war, boots that are enclosed, a hot shower every night and a warm bed to sleep in at night and no trees exploding in your face. This shows the lack of understanding from the new solider and therefore doesn’t allow him to belong. Techniques used in Band of Brothers include recount by winters throughout the series, another technique used is emotive music and enhanced sound effects. It also uses cut away shots during the siege of Bastogne, the camera cuts from Lt. Dyke back to winters during the attack giving the impression that it is happening real time and that decisions must be made that will cost lives. Sarcasm is also used towards replacements and all of the other soldiers realise what is happening except for the replacement adding to the sense of belonging felt by the other soldiers. How to cite Belonging Band of Brothers, Essay examples

Case Analysis One Tel

Question: Discuss about theCase Analysisfor One Tel. Answer: Introduction: The important job of an auditor is to assess the risk for his clients when working with them, one of the major types of risk is inherent risk; the risk of material misstatement in the financial record or statements occurs if there is no control. The risk management if anyone can see logically then he will understand that this job of board members. In many organisations the risk committee is formed to evaluate the risk and assessment under the supervision of Board Members. It is considered very high where the transaction of entity is complex and the due to that the judgement and estimation. This risk primarily evaluates or assess by the auditor. Flawless financial records are very rare thats why the auditors are there to find out the errors as well as the risks, especially when internal control is not in place the inherent risk probability of existence becomes very high in those kinds of situations(Quora, 2013). To understand the strategic risk knowledge of ERM or enterprise risk management is important. It is basically performed by the board and management. It is a process of setting the strategy to identify and design potential risk may affect the company or companys financial records. The strategic risk is those internal and external factors which prevent to achieve the companys strategic goals. In recent year there are economic turbulence in world economy, the company has the inherit risk of having the payment of interest. There are compliance threats also, Compliance threats are mostly related to legislation and legal threats to existence, changes in the regulations may be threats. Operational threats are a related to the investors or operators. Apart from that there are some financial threats these may cause from market fluctuations, hike in interest rate, inflation etc. One Tel was expecting a major boom in the market as the handset users increasing with respect of land phone users, b ut market has become saturated as the big players are already there in the market. One Tel has to face the hard competition from other big players. Main challenge in this market is keeping the quality in international standard products have to delivered at low cost(Nocco Stulz, 2006). Discussion: The process of assessing the inherent is very subjective than other sections of audit. Inherent risk is mainly an event, happens in the financial statements for the absence or maintenance of internal control. The One Tel company had make a loss of $282.1 million and again when company is planning to move to a new market, it would require further investment and the return on investment will be lower in the first 3 years, which carries an inherent risk. Initially the One Tel has to lease the other companys network which incurs a recurring cost. High inherent risk means in the financial records or statements are correct or fraud has happened by the way of omission or negligence of material fact. There are Some Key Factors Which can Lead to High Inherent Risk: Environment external factors: there is a list of external and environmental factor that can increase the Inherent risk. Expiring Patents: pharmaceutical companies often face the patent expire risk. Drug patents expire. That means company will face the sales and marketing problem of making the same generic medicine. Rapid change: if inventory of a company becomes obsolete fast then the company may experience high inherent risk. State of economy: economic growth in general level also carries high inherent risk. Availability of financing: It is another external factor, if the client has the problem of meeting cash payment, loans availability in low rate of interest may mean the gap between staying in business or shut down. Fraud: this is one of the major or common factors for high inherent risk. The maintenance of the records and statements are done by the human, there may be a chance that theft can happen. As an example, if any company deals with cash there is a chance of balance sheet cash balance is under inherent risk. It is a most simple example of lack of control in internal operations. There should be regular check- ups of the financial statements can reduce the risk. Another factor for high inherent risk is if prior period misstatements lie in the financial records. This may happen if periodic audits and check- ups of the financial records not done meticulously(Investopedia, 2015). Factors are Mostly Responsible for Strategic Risks: External Factors: The market change can be a major external factor for strategic risk. Management may decide one strategy but due to some market change again the new strategy has to launch by the management. Competition may be another risk, if competitor change the strategy that may led to a high strategy risk. Vendor performance is an external factor that is also responsible for strategic risk. Some financial factors like unknown expenditure, cash flow, and cost pressure are there for increasing the risk. Human resource factors: Fraud Employee or theft can be a factor of strategy risk, also the knowledge, know- how and the staffing can be a factor for strategic risk(Ranong Phuenngam, 2009). Conclusion: As we have found that the inherent risk always is a threats to the company as it is mostly happens due to certain factors, external as well as internal. This kind of risk exists in the financial record and a statement due the misstatements happens due to the lack of control in place. And when it is identified then the common practice is to manipulate the financial record or statements. So for this reason external auditors roles comes. It can only be minimised by the regular audit and taking the needful steps on the basis of audit reports. The strategic risk and the inherent risk both are threats to the company and those can be overcome through regular audit. To some extent strategic risk can be overcome through proper planning and back up plans. Because there are certain things which are beyond control like competitor strategy, market change then govt. policy or legislation changes etc. as One Tel entering a new market that will create a chain of operation with new customers and new operators. There will be many new challenges have to face like competition, the rate new taste and requirements of the customers, buying new equipment and infrastructures and new technology. Proper deployment of the resources is a real challenge. Task 2: Inherent Risk Factors: Inherent risk is the presence of misstatements due to the fraud, ignorance, or lack of internal control in place. This is the job of an auditor to find out the probable risk from the financial records or statements. It also happens if the transaction is complex so to mitigate this company has to take some steps which can simplify the transactions. Inherent risks increase the probability of error misstatements. The main factors are due to errors and omission, it is an audit risk. The financial sector is highly under the inherent risk because the lots of cash transaction done. Sometimes the strategic decision is also responsible for inherent risk. Apart from that rapid change in markets and the completions increase the inherent risks. State of the economy, economic growth or de growth can be a factor for inherent risk. Inflation is also to some extent increase the inherent risk. Availability of loans in low rate of interest may disturb the financial records as a result the risk may increase. For the pharmacy companies if the patents expires the companies may go through some marketing and competition problem. This will enhance the inherent risk in the balance level. The case of One Tel, we have seen it is already under cash crunch from the loss in the year 2000. This financial crisis will not allow entering a new market where there are lots of big player fighting. Entering a new market means lots of investment, new expense in licensing etc. As One Tel is penetrating a new market that means lots of infrastructural cost is involved new network has to be established, new office, hiring a new people as well as big promotional cost is involved(Auasb, 2009). There is a huge fund needed to fulfil the basic necessity as well as the up gradation of technology, new loans will create an impact on the profitability as the interest payment has to done from cash inflow. The regulations and the legislation are major hick ups for the MA. Significant inherent risk is to build the network and coverage. These are the prime challenges every telecom company has to face specially when entering a new market. The long term target of the company sometimes increases the competition which led to the inherent risk(Gary S. Monroe, 2008). The One Tel floated fresh public shares to collect fund from the market that would become an extra burden on the repay and pay the revenue and dividends from the margins. Task 3: Going concern is the assumption on factors that that a company will retain in the business in the coming future. Auditors evaluate the going concerns on the basis of entitys ability for every company the analyses of risk factors are essential, the evaluation and the strategy making are also a challenging job for the board and the management of every entity. What we have found from the cash flow, balance sheet as well as other financial records that the risk of One Tel is medium. One Tel is a big telecom company in Australia, founded in 1995 by Jodi Rich and Brad Keeling. The motto was to sell the mobile phones to the youth through one.net. And gradually it has come in Australias top five telephone company. The going concern based on multiple parameters(Monem, 2011). When a new company penetrating a new area or market for business, the research and planning starts from very early days. Lot of efforts as well as lots of funds are required to get the confidence of the market. Quality as well as the quantity is required and for that lots of cash flow is also needed so the risk of paying the interest is there. The investors should have the confidence not only the company also the management, expertise, previous financial records etc. There are few external factors are also responsible like global economy, in a very fluctuating economic condition the expansion would not be a very good idea. If it is done then the management or the board will carry a huge risk. Even the internal or nations economic conditions have to be taken under consideration. In a volatile condition this will harm the profitability of the company. In such conditions govt. may change the legislations, laws or the taxation policy. Planning is important the investors will check the feasibility of long term, mid - term and the short term planning. At least the short term and the mid- term planning should be more concrete. Planning means forecasting its makes a bridge between where we are and where we want to be. The budget and this forecasting are very important. The One Tel when planning to enter a new market where the trend of using the landline is going down and the mobile handset selling and consumption is going high. The budget should be based on lower revenue at least for first few years as the market competition is also very high(Colvin, 2007). Loan defaults, if, of the company has to bring under consideration. It is difficult to get the loans of investment if the company is a defaulter. Though the going concern concept is not coming under the accounting principles but the GAAS has instructed the auditors to take this under their considerations. References: Auasb. (2009, October). Auditing Standard ASA 200 Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with AustralianAuditing Standards . Retrieved September 22, 2016, from auasb: https://www.auasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/asa_200_27-10-09.pdf Colvin, M. (2007, April 03). Packer investment analyst questioned over One.Tel. Retrieved September 22, 2016, from Abc: https://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2007/s1889031.htm Gary S. Monroe. (2008, December 31). The Importance Of Inherent Risk Factors: Auditors Perceptions. Retrieved September 22, 2016, from wiley: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1835-2561.1993.tb00370.x/abstract;jsessionid=EA77CC8850D589C84CE3CDEAC568D650.f02t02?userIsAuthenticated=falsedeniedAccessCustomisedMessage= Investopedia. (2015, April 16). What are some examples of inherent risk? Retrieved September 22, 2016, from investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/041615/what-are-some-examples-inherent-risk.asp Monem, R. (2011). The One-Tel Collapse: Lessons for Corporate Governance . Retrieved September 22, 2016, from griffith: https://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/handle/10072/42673/74746_1.pdf?sequence=1 Nocco, B. W., Stulz, R. M. (2006). Enterprise Risk Management: Theory and Practice. Retrieved September 22, 2016, from https://fisher.osu.edu/supplements/10/10402/enterprise-risk-mgt.pdf Quora. (2013, May 10). Financial Risk. Retrieved September 22, 2016, from quora: https://www.quora.com/Is-risk-relative-or-absolute-Does-inherent-risk-exist-Does-risk-always-depend-on-the-specific-situation Ranong, P. N., Phuenngam, W. (2009, May 11). Critical Success Factors for effective risk management procedures in financial industries . Retrieved September 22, 2016, from diva-portal: https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:233985/fulltext01

Indian Identity in UK

The terms Indian Britons, Indian British, or British Indian are used in reference to people residing in the United Kingdom but whose ancestral origin is India.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Indian Identity in UK specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This comprises of people who were born in the United Kingdom but whose descendants are Indian and all Indian- born individuals who migrated to the United Kingdom. Presently, there are approximately 1.4 million Indians residing in the United Kingdom. Therefore, the Indians are the hugest ethnic minority group. The Indians constitute the biggest British Asians’ subgroup. For an Indian to be legally recognised in the United Kingdom, he had to adhere to exceptionally stringent government regulation guidelines. In the United Kingdom, therefore, the Indian Act was acknowledged as more than an organ of laws that laid the guidelines concerning each Indian’s aspects of life. This has been the case for more than a century (Kakar, 2007). The Indian Act was an esteemed regulatory regime. Through it, there was a better comprehension of the native identity that fashioned the traditional native life. It is worth noting that the high population of Indians in the United Kingdom was as a result of historical links. The Indians were included in the Commonwealth of Nations and were under the British authority during colonial occupations.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Indians residing in the United Kingdom belonged to the middle social class and were socioeconomically affluent (Sen, 2006). A number of researches were done to assess how Indians living in the United States felt about their identity. A study conducted among people under the age of thirty five in the Asian Network revealed that thirty eight percent of people of South Asian origin in the UK felt disconnected from the British. More than 1/3 of the participants agreed that for an Indian to survive in the United Kingdom, he was supposed to be a â€Å"coconut† (Kurien, 1999). This term was used in the UK to refer to someone whose outside was brown and the inside white. A majority of the Indians preferred living in the UK since there were better opportunities.  ¾ of the Indians living in the UK feel that their culture was at risk of being diluted (Sen, 2006). Moreover, many Indians had the feeling that they whites treated them as though they were not British. More than fifty percent of the participants in the studies revealed that they felt they were British. A majority of the Indians in the UK were Christians, Sikhs, Hindus, and Muslims. Authorities argue that the Indians did not need to be â€Å"coconuts† so as to be efficacious in UK. There was a need for Indians to perceive a positive identity, which would boost their confidence and promote the ir success. Identity and confidence were vital for a person to realize that everyone can succeed. Opportunities were open to every individual who had a vision to succeed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Indian Identity in UK specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Irrespective of the fact that a majority of the Indians in UK had assumed a British identity, they adhered to their ancestral and cultural origins when at home. Some Indians also felt that there was a need for them to be coconuts since they wanted to fit in a society that viewed them negatively (Kakar, 2007). The Indians in the UK faced numerous challenges because of identity cards crisis. There was no consensus regarding how to establish an Indian’s identity amidst passports, driving licenses, PAN card, and Aadhaar cards. In addition, there was disagreement for NPR (National Population Register) enrolment. Only a few Indians had accessibility to the A adhaar cards, which rendered a majority of them unable to operate bank accounts. Not many Indians possessed passports that made it difficult to establish their identity. A huge number of the natives in UK enquired about the origin of Indians. Many of them answered that they were from the UK but their grandparents were Indian. However, no Indian answered that his ethnicity was Indian (Kurien, 1999). Consequently, a lot of the Indians wondered whether they had given an adequate response to describe who they were. Therefore, Indians in UK were faced with challenges regarding belonging and acceptance.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A majority of them wondered the extent to which their identity was defined through the country they were born and grew up in. There was confusion regarding the level of significance that should be linked to their ethnic origin. Defining the cultural heritage and identity was also a challenge. Consequently, Indian generation living in the United Kingdom had a deep feeling that UK was not their country. Indians had a hard time fighting for the right of being treated with fairness and respect. This is a right that everyone globally should enjoy irrespective of his cultural origin. Historically, numerous Indians had migrated to UK after receiving invitations to work in foundries, factories, or for NHS. Consequently, they grew up in UK and were also incorporated into the academic system. In this case, there was a need to develop a sense of belonging regardless of the fact they were not considered a portion of the majority (Sen, 2006). The Indians usually questioned themselves regarding t he level to which they were accepted in the country they were born. They wondered whether they were a distinct immigrant population since they were normally segregated from the mainstream society. They could not engage in the mainstream society without being prejudiced. Again, the issue of adaptation, integration, and acceptance was manifested. References Kakar, S. (2007). Indian identity. London: Penguin UK. Kurien, P. (1999). Gendered Ethnicity Creating a Hindu Indian Identity in the United States. American Behavioral Scientist, 42(4), 648-670. Sen, A. (2006). The argumentative Indian: Writings on Indian history, culture and identity. London: Picador. This essay on Indian Identity in UK was written and submitted by user Vaughn H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Profile of Harvey M. Robinson

Profile of Harvey M. Robinson The east side of Allentown, Pennsylvania had the reputation of being a nice, safe area for families to raise children. The residents in the area felt secure to walk their dogs, jog, and let their kids play out in the yards. All of that changed in the summer of 1992. The residents and police force of Allentown had a problem. For the first time, its east side residents were being stalked by a serial killer. A Killer Is Born Harvey M. Robinson was born on December 6, 1974. He grew up in a troubled family. His father, Harvey Rodriguez Robinson, was an alcoholic and physically and emotionally abusive towards his mother. By the time he was three, his parents were divorced. Harvey Rodriguez Robinson ended up going to prison for manslaughter after beating his mistress to death. The younger Harvey idolized his father, regardless of his abusive and criminal behavior. School Years At a very early age, young Harvey Robinson showed great athletic and academic potential. He won awards for his essays and was a fierce competitor in wrestling, soccer, football and various cross-country sports. However, as early as nine years old he demonstrated a dark side that diminished all of his positive accomplishments. School counselors determined that Robinson suffered from severe conduct disorder. As a child, he was known to throw tantrums. As he got older, he developed a quick temper and was unable to define between right and wrong. From the age of nine to 17, he filled up a rap sheet with numerous arrests including burglary and resisting arrest. He was also a known substance abuser, which added to his propensity towards impulsive aggressive behavior. He detested authority and lashed out at those who tried to control him including the police and his teachers. As he grew older, his threats intensified. Teachers and students were afraid of Robinson, and he liked it. Why Robinson began raping and murdering children and women is unknown, but as far as what is known for sure, it all started on August 9, 1992, when he was 17-years-old. First Victim At about 12:35 a.m. on August 5, 1992, Robinson burglarized the home of Joan Burghardt, 29, who lived alone in a one-bedroom apartment on the first floor of a residential apartment complex on the east side of Allentown. He broke through the screen on the patio door, which was locked, and ripped just enough to slip his hand through the doorknob and open it. Burghardt reported the burglary and the missing $50 from a drawer in her bedroom dresser. Everything else seemed undisturbed. Four days later at around 11:30 a.m. on August 9, 1992, Burghardts neighbor telephoned the police to complain that Burghardts stereo had been on for three days and nights and that no one answered the doorbell. She also reported that the screen had been out of the window for three nights and during one of those nights she heard Burghardt screaming and banging the wall and sounds as if she was being beaten up. When the police arrived, they found Burghardt dead, lying on the living room floor. She had been severely beaten about the head. The autopsy revealed that Burghardt had been sexually assaulted and hit over the head at least 37 times, fracturing her skull and damaging her brain. She also had defensive injuries on both hands, indicating that she was alive during at least some of the attack. Seminal stains were found on a pair of shorts found at the scene, suggesting that a male had masturbated on them. Second Victim Charlotte Schmoyer, 15, was always diligent about delivering the Morning Call newspaper on her assigned route on the east side of Allentown. When she failed to deliver the paper on the morning of June 9, 1983, one of her customers scanned the street for the young carrier. She did not spot Schmoyer, but what she did see alarmed her enough to phone the police. Schmoyers newspaper cart was left unattended, for more than 30 minutes, in front of a neighbors house. When the police arrived, they found that the newspaper cart was half-filled with newspapers, and Schmoyers radio and the headset had been strewn on the ground between two houses. There were also finger streaks on the windowpane of the door to the nearby garage of one of the houses. Based on the scene the police concluded that Schmoyer had likely been abducted. The police began their search and found her bicycle abandoned along with some of her personal property. Within hours a tip came in, and investigators began searching a wooded area where they found blood, a shoe, and the body of Charlotte Schmoyer buried under a stack of logs. According to the autopsy report, Schmoyer was stabbed 22 times, and her throat was slashed. Also, there were cutting and scraping wounds in her neck area, indicating they were inflicted while the Schmoyer was conscious and her neck bent down. She had also been raped. Investigators were able to collect blood samples, a pubic hair and a head hair on Schmoyer that did not match her blood and hair. The evidence was later matched to Robinson through DNA. Burglary John and Denise Sam-Cali lived on the east side of Allentown, not far from where Schmoyer had been abducted. On June 17, 1993, Robinson burglarized their home while the couple was away for a few days. He had taken Johns gun collection, which was kept in a bag in the closet. Within days John bought three new guns, one of which he purchased for Denise for protection. The couple grew even more concerned about their safety after learning that someone had broken into their neighbors home and attacked their child. Third Victim On June 20, 1993, Robinson entered a womans home and choked and raped her five-year-old daughter. The child managed to live but based on her injuries it appeared that he had intended for her to die. Some theorized that he was actually after the childs mother, but when he found her sleeping with her partner, he attacked the child instead. Fourth Victim On June 28, 1993, John Sam-Cali was out of town, and Denise was alone. She awoke to the sounds Robinson was making from inside the walk-in closet near her bedroom. Frightened, she decided to try to run out of the house, but he grabbed her, and they struggled. She managed to get out of the house, but Robinson grabbed at her again and pinned her down onto the ground in the front yard. As the two fought, she was able to bite him on the inside of his arm. He repeatedly punched her, sliced her lip open and then raped her, however, her screams alerted a neighbor who turned on her porch light, and Robinson ran away. When the police arrived, they found Denise alive, but severely beaten, with strangulation marks around her neck, and her lip deeply slashed. They also found a butcher knife wrapped in a napkin lying outside the bathroom door. After recovering in the hospital, the Sam-Calis went out of town for a few days. Fifth Victim On July 14, 1993, Robinson raped and murdered Jessica Jean Fortney, 47, in the living room of her daughter and son-in-laws home. She was found dead, half-naked and her face was swollen and black. There was blood spatter on the wall indicating she had died a violent death. The autopsy revealed that Fortney died in the early morning hours after being strangled and severely beaten. It was also determined that she had been raped. What Robinson did not know was that Fortneys granddaughter had witnessed the killing and was able to give the police his description. Back to Finish the Job On July 18, 1993, the Sam-Calis returned home. Before going out of town, they had the house equipped with a burglar alarm. At about 4:00 a.m. Denise heard a noise in the house and then the back door opened, setting off the alarm and the intruder, Robinson, took off. After that, the Allentown police set up a sting operation and arranged for a police officer to stay in the Sam-Cali home every night. They thought the man who attacked her was coming back to kill her because she could identify him. Their hunch was right. Officer Brian Lewis was staked out inside the Sam-Cali home when at around 1:25 a.m. on July 31, 1993, Robinson returned to the house and tried to open doors. Lewis heard the noises, then watched as Robinson broke into the house through a window. Once he was entirely inside, Lewis identified himself as a police officer and told Robinson to halt. Robinson began shooting at Lewis and gunfire was exchanged. Lewis went to the Sam-Calis bedroom to warn the couple to stay inside the room. He then called for backup. In the meantime, Robinson escaped by breaking through several glass panels on a wooden door in the kitchen. The police found a blood trail in the kitchen and out the door. It looked like the intruder had been shot, or severely cut during his escape. The local hospitals were alerted. Caught A few hours later the police were called to the local hospital after Robinson showed up there to be treated for a gunshot wound. A physical exam of Robinson found that he had fresh wounds to his arms and legs indicative of being cut with glass as well as a bite mark on the inner part of his arm. Officer Lewis also identified Robinson as the man he encountered inside the Sam-Calis home. He was arrested on various charges including kidnapping, burglary, rape, attempted murder, and murder. Investigators built a large case against Robinson with DNA evidence, eyewitness accounts and physical evidence found at his home and the victims homes. It was a solid case. The jury found him guilty for raping and murdering Charlotte Schmoyer, Joan Burghardt, and Jessica Jean Fortney. He was sentenced to a combined 97 years in prison and three death sentences. Resentenced Robinson and his lawyers were able to get two of the three death sentences resentenced to life in prison. One death sentence remains.

Will the XM25 replace the M203 Grenade launchers Essay

Will the XM25 replace the M203 Grenade launchers - Essay Example The military denies the rumors, but perhaps it might be better to consider the criteria of reliability, durability and affordability of both systems to prove that the XM-25 grenade launcher will not replace the M203. The reliable old M203 Grenade Launcher has proven itself in just about every corner of the world. Over twenty countries friendly to the United States employ the M203, or a variant thereof. Manufactured by Colt, the M203 has seen combat with the US from the humid jungles of Viet Nam right on through to the present day in the Middle Eastern deserts, along with its newer counterpart, the M203A1 (for the M4). The launcher has proven extremely reliable in all manners of weather conditions and weigh in at light 3 pounds. On the other hand, the XM25 Counter Defilade Target Engagement System shows its reliability in its characteristics. It is currently being manufactured by German arms giant Heckler and Koch, in partnership with the US based Alliant Tech Systems (ATK). The weapo n does indeed resemble something futuristic and at fourteen pounds with rounds it is much heavier than the M203. Yet the modern advances of the launcher are incredible. For one thing it has an interchangeable magazine that holds up to four rounds, so single shot is no longer an obstacle. For another, instead of the old-fashioned quadrant sights on previous grenade launchers, the XM25 is fitted with a thermal sight device resembling a scope, with night capabilities. The M203 has showed its durability since it replaced the M79, which was a stand-alone weapon and the grenade launcher was its singular purpose. Recognizing that the grenadier was vulnerable during a firefight, the US Army developed the M203. Its â€Å"over and under† style fit under the standard M16 rifle (and later under the newer M4), therefore giving the soldier the ability to fire grenades at a range of up to 350 meters and still having the small arms capability and reassurance offered by the M16. The grenadier ’s rate of fire for the launcher was hampered only by his own ability to load the weapon, as it fires one round at the time. Its large bore makes cleaning relatively easy and the unit armorer can do most maintenance on the weapon, including disassembly and removal. Eight different forty millimeter grenade types have been developed for the launcher. 1 However it is what the sights are fitted into that makes the XM25 so durable and has the Army gushing as to its valuable assistance in the GWOT. The Target Acquisition Fire Control System (TAFCS) allows the operator to send the round down range with radio controlled precision. For example, grenadier can take out an enemy firing from inside a window, adjusting the range so that the grenade can go through the frame, explode, and still maintain the integrity of the building. The XM25 uses a 25 millimeter grenade system that even includes a thermobaric grenade specific for use in caves, particularly useful in Afghanistan and the laun cher is accurate at ranges of up to 700 meters. Finally, the cost of the M203 is very affordable in comparison to the XM-25. The M203 is only $1800.00 dollars. If combat tests work out with the division, the Army plans to buy 12,500 units of the XM25 in 2012, one for each squad. At over $30 thousand a copy the XM25 is expensive, as are the rounds at $25 apiece. The cost almost doubles from one to the other. This alone is a serious increase in budget cost, and can be a huge dilemma for the economy. Even after all the aforementioned, the XM25 will not replace the M203. Although the 101st grenadiers are so impressed with it they often carry no extra weaponry. Indeed, both weapons will