CJUS 420 Discussion Board and topic research Instructions...

Discussion Board Instructions There will be 7 Discussion Board Forums throughout this course. You are required to provide a thread in response to the provided topic for each forum. Each thread is to be 150–200 words, cite at least 2 sources, and demonstrate course-related knowledge. In addition to the thread, you are required to reply to 2 other classmates’ threads. Each reply must be 125–150 words and must cite at least 2 sources. Acceptable sources include the textbook, peer-reviewed journal articles, government sources, professional association websites, etc. Each discussion will also require a biblical reference/quote (which is not a part of the original source count). Responding to a classmate’s post requires both the addition of†¦show more content†¦The influx of huge amounts of information, evolving technology had challenged criminal investigation systems and for that matter, the investigators. Any violations in Law lead to involvement of criminal investigation. The court bears all the expenses of the procedures in investigating the case, except the defence lawyer hired by the accused. In situations where the accused cannot afford, the state is liable to pay for his lawyer. It is a must that all the witnesses of the prosecution and the defence appear to the trial. In a criminal investigation, there is the need to break down two things. Firstly, the investigation itself and secondly the investigator involved. It is of utmost importance that the criminal investigation is done accurately, failure to do so will have negative consequences on the society. Investigation involves the collection of facts, scenarios and situations which are directly or indirectly related with the case. Whereas investigator is the person who should observe, question, analyze and scrutinize the available details. Careful evaluation then helps to achieve the much needed evidence. Criminal investigation is one of the most essential functions of the Law Enforcement agencies, as it is their prime responsibility to maintain a secure environment and

Racism And The Human Race - 2009 Words

Hatred and disdain is the deep embedded seed that is planted in American soil, especially, in the American South towards Black’s. This seed of hatred towards Black’s is being cultivated to superciliously think that Black’s are inferior to their counterparts. The fruits of labor that is produced from this tree are bitter, distasteful and poisonous to the development of equality of the human race, especially, towards Black’s. This births forth the mentality to always fear Black’s and that Black’s are subjects that need to be submitted to subjugation in order to achieve civility of the human race. Thus, the latter mentioned develops into a deadly perception that is growing like consuming fire; in addition, this deadly perception is not only thought but also being instilled and engraved in humanity. Consequently, this is why equality for Black’s shall always be a challenge to achieve because this deadly perception infiltrates our cognitiv e process and morality to be colorblind. Even though we are all members of ONE human race Blacks shall never be equal to white counterparts who microscopically stigmatized Black’s through racial cultural lens and racial profiling. This paper shall implores the true legitimization of the Black Experience in the American South via objectivity and factual truths dating back from day of arrival to present. In addition, to portray the brutality and inequality that still exists. It has been approximately three hundred ninety-six years (396)Show MoreRelatedEcological Crisis Has Been Associated With The Environmental Pollution1307 Words   |  6 Pagesmisunderstanding that exists between the environment and living organism particularly, the human race. The major ecological crisis has been associated with the environmental pollution (Westra 122). Notably, race and ethnicity have been considered to be significant contributing factors to the ecological crisis than the economic income and class. Ecological crisis has since led to racism particularly in regions occupied by different races. For instance, the affluent black communities have been associated with highRead MoreEssay on Racism583 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is Racism? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Racism is one of those unusual things which seem to escape the understanding of clear and to the point definition. Racism is a system of racial discrimination and prejudice. The concept of race as classifying people can be seen as misleading people and prejudicial as far as it’s involved in the quality of human life. The term race has been quite confusing because of its four principle connotations. 1. Physical anthropologists have called races the variousRead MoreA Brief Note On Social Construction Of Race Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Construction of Race One of the social reforms that are argued to have been achieved by the contemporary society is acknowledged that all people within the society are equal irrespective of some socio-cultural differences such as race. The view that all persons are equal is ingrained in the society and supported by an array of a legal framework. One of the supporting legal frameworks is the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, which asserts that all persons must be treated with equalityRead MoreSocial Justice Issues Take Place At Various Levels : Global, National, Regional, And Local1397 Words   |  6 Pagessurfaces a prevalent social justice issue of racism. Racism is holding prejudices on the basis of the race. The issue of racism is complex one because of its far-reaching effects and implications. It makes people feel inferior, creates a gap between the people of the society. The members of racial groups that are discriminated against face unequal access and opportunities. It is harder for th em to find well-paying jobs or live in good neighborhoods. Racism exists not only in employment but also in lawRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racial Discrimination1425 Words   |  6 PagesRacism consists of ideologies and practices that seek to justify, or cause, the unequal distribution of privileges, rights or goods among different racial groups. Modern variants are often based in social perceptions of biological differences between peoples. These can take the form of social actions, practices or beliefs, or political systems that consider different races to be ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or qualitiesRead MoreThe Black Skin White Masks By Frantz Fanon1664 Words   |  7 Pages Race plays a huge role in history. In todays society race is extremely relevant. However, to truly understand race and how it has cultivated itself in todays society you must first understand the view on race in the past. Today race and racism is now discussed more openly. Which is why society has an understanding of the fact that racism still exist. Frantz Fanon uses colonization to explain how racism was cultivated in the past. Paulo Freire uses his study of the oppressed to explain how its hardRead MoreEssay on Racism1251 Words   |  6 PagesRacism Racism has often played a central role in conflicts between groups of people. Racism is the intentional or unintentional use of power to isolate, separate and exploit others as defined in the Webster dictionary. People generally respond to others differently based on what they know, which may include superficial characteristics often associated with race. This paper will express my opinion of how racism will effect America. I will base information from Webster’s definition of Racism, readingRead MoreThe Power Of Illusion : The Social Construction Of Race1378 Words   |  6 Pagesconstruction of race and the conjured up idea of different races affects many Americans on a macro and micro scale or institutionally and individually, respectively. To sociologists, this idea of a socially constructed race matters because race has a tremendous influence on people’s lives. It may be difficult to believe, but race is socially constructed. Race is something humans have fabricated; therefore, it has no biological meaning. Race is without basis in our natural world, yet humans have self-dividedRead MoreSocial Problems Associated With Racial Discrimination1209 Words   |  5 Pagesother races solely because they are different racially and culturally. Body Paragraphs: II: Basic Information on the Issue A: According to Encyclopedia Britannica, race is determined by physical and personality traits, intellect, morality, and culture (â€Å"Racism†). Racial discrimination is discriminating someone based on their race or religion (â€Å"Racism/Color Discrimination†) or prejudice against an individual or group of people of a different race because of the belief that one’s own race is superiorRead MorePeople All Around The World Face Racism And Discrimination1168 Words   |  5 Pagesthe world face racism and discrimination. Racism is a globally used word, and more than one race is capable of suffering its wrath. There are examples of it throughout history in all regions of the world. Racism can and does affect any race, whether it be: Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, Indian, Muslim, Jewish and others. More than one race can be racist, people in the past have overcome racism, and Catholic social teachings believe that everyone should have rights. Racism is the belief that

Belonging Band of Brothers Free Essays

Admat-2 by Matthew Humphreys, Band of Brothers Band of Brothers is a television series based on easy company from the 101st Airborne division, during their training and deployment to Europe throughout WW2. It follows the story of the soldiers and officers throughout the war. It is narrated throughout by Major Richard Winters from his time as a second lieutenant all the way through until he is battalion commander. We will write a custom essay sample on Belonging Band of Brothers or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is based on a true story and shows a sense of belonging that the solders feel throughout their time together along with a sense of not belonging felt by â€Å"replacements† and also by the soldiers themselves as they think of home. It has many links with Romulus in this sense because of the challenge that migrants face to belong and also through the hardships that Romulus and Raymond face with Christina`s illness. Belonging will be shaped by the challenges faced. This can be linked to band of brothers through the greater sense of belonging felt as an individual because of the struggle and challenges that the group faces. Throughout the war individuals become closer because of the battles won as a group it gives them commonality to build on. For example after easy company parachute into Normandy they are ordered to go and take out artillery positions that are defended by several machine guns. These positions are targeting Utah beach and their elimination is key to success of the landings on that beach. The German strength is estimated at 50 men; however the strength of Winters Company is 13 men, none the less they are successful in the attack. This attack is still repeated at West point as an example of how to assault a fixed position, the success of this attack gained much respect from both his superior and the men that he commanded. This respect allows them to work effectively together and gain a sense of belonging through this mutual respect for each other. This allows them to continue to build on this throughout the numerous other challenges that they face as a battalion including the charge during operation market garden in which he led a platoon of men against two battalions of German SS and drove them back over a river inflicting heavy losses. This accumulates throughout until the men see each other as family towards the end of the war. This is also evident in Romulus my father when they first come to Australia through Romulus seeking out other Romanians, this is because they face the same challenges to belong and adapt to Australian society. They gain each other’s respect through their actions for example Romulus allows them to stay with him and they return this favour by looking after Raymond when Romulus is unable to do so. Commonality is essential to belonging; this is evident in Romulus My Father as many of the characters are faced with common experiences throughout the book from living in a rural area, to being discriminated against for being a migrant and also in dealing with a family member who has a mental illness. This allows those who have experienced this commonality to feel a greater sense of belonging. In Romulus My Father Raymond and Romulus are brought closer together through Christina`s illness and mental instability. This is also evident in Band of Brothers as replacements are brought into Easy Company to replace wounded and killed solider they are not accepted into the company as they don`t have the commonality with the soldiers. They haven’t been in battle before and therefore are not trusted like those before them however once trust is gained through new common experiences allows them to understand and fell the same sense belonging. This is also evident as the original solider returns to the company after the Battle of Bastogne, it was the worst battle the company faced and because of this it was felt throughout the company that no else could understand what they had been through. It is also evident towards the end as a replacement is on patrol with a Normandy veteran, the veteran deliberately forgets and calls him by the wrong name. When the replacement asks â€Å"when are we going to jump into berlin† he is meet with a replies that this is the best of the war, boots that are enclosed, a hot shower every night and a warm bed to sleep in at night and no trees exploding in your face. This shows the lack of understanding from the new solider and therefore doesn’t allow him to belong. Techniques used in Band of Brothers include recount by winters throughout the series, another technique used is emotive music and enhanced sound effects. It also uses cut away shots during the siege of Bastogne, the camera cuts from Lt. Dyke back to winters during the attack giving the impression that it is happening real time and that decisions must be made that will cost lives. Sarcasm is also used towards replacements and all of the other soldiers realise what is happening except for the replacement adding to the sense of belonging felt by the other soldiers. How to cite Belonging Band of Brothers, Essay examples

Case Analysis One Tel

Question: Discuss about theCase Analysisfor One Tel. Answer: Introduction: The important job of an auditor is to assess the risk for his clients when working with them, one of the major types of risk is inherent risk; the risk of material misstatement in the financial record or statements occurs if there is no control. The risk management if anyone can see logically then he will understand that this job of board members. In many organisations the risk committee is formed to evaluate the risk and assessment under the supervision of Board Members. It is considered very high where the transaction of entity is complex and the due to that the judgement and estimation. This risk primarily evaluates or assess by the auditor. Flawless financial records are very rare thats why the auditors are there to find out the errors as well as the risks, especially when internal control is not in place the inherent risk probability of existence becomes very high in those kinds of situations(Quora, 2013). To understand the strategic risk knowledge of ERM or enterprise risk management is important. It is basically performed by the board and management. It is a process of setting the strategy to identify and design potential risk may affect the company or companys financial records. The strategic risk is those internal and external factors which prevent to achieve the companys strategic goals. In recent year there are economic turbulence in world economy, the company has the inherit risk of having the payment of interest. There are compliance threats also, Compliance threats are mostly related to legislation and legal threats to existence, changes in the regulations may be threats. Operational threats are a related to the investors or operators. Apart from that there are some financial threats these may cause from market fluctuations, hike in interest rate, inflation etc. One Tel was expecting a major boom in the market as the handset users increasing with respect of land phone users, b ut market has become saturated as the big players are already there in the market. One Tel has to face the hard competition from other big players. Main challenge in this market is keeping the quality in international standard products have to delivered at low cost(Nocco Stulz, 2006). Discussion: The process of assessing the inherent is very subjective than other sections of audit. Inherent risk is mainly an event, happens in the financial statements for the absence or maintenance of internal control. The One Tel company had make a loss of $282.1 million and again when company is planning to move to a new market, it would require further investment and the return on investment will be lower in the first 3 years, which carries an inherent risk. Initially the One Tel has to lease the other companys network which incurs a recurring cost. High inherent risk means in the financial records or statements are correct or fraud has happened by the way of omission or negligence of material fact. There are Some Key Factors Which can Lead to High Inherent Risk: Environment external factors: there is a list of external and environmental factor that can increase the Inherent risk. Expiring Patents: pharmaceutical companies often face the patent expire risk. Drug patents expire. That means company will face the sales and marketing problem of making the same generic medicine. Rapid change: if inventory of a company becomes obsolete fast then the company may experience high inherent risk. State of economy: economic growth in general level also carries high inherent risk. Availability of financing: It is another external factor, if the client has the problem of meeting cash payment, loans availability in low rate of interest may mean the gap between staying in business or shut down. Fraud: this is one of the major or common factors for high inherent risk. The maintenance of the records and statements are done by the human, there may be a chance that theft can happen. As an example, if any company deals with cash there is a chance of balance sheet cash balance is under inherent risk. It is a most simple example of lack of control in internal operations. There should be regular check- ups of the financial statements can reduce the risk. Another factor for high inherent risk is if prior period misstatements lie in the financial records. This may happen if periodic audits and check- ups of the financial records not done meticulously(Investopedia, 2015). Factors are Mostly Responsible for Strategic Risks: External Factors: The market change can be a major external factor for strategic risk. Management may decide one strategy but due to some market change again the new strategy has to launch by the management. Competition may be another risk, if competitor change the strategy that may led to a high strategy risk. Vendor performance is an external factor that is also responsible for strategic risk. Some financial factors like unknown expenditure, cash flow, and cost pressure are there for increasing the risk. Human resource factors: Fraud Employee or theft can be a factor of strategy risk, also the knowledge, know- how and the staffing can be a factor for strategic risk(Ranong Phuenngam, 2009). Conclusion: As we have found that the inherent risk always is a threats to the company as it is mostly happens due to certain factors, external as well as internal. This kind of risk exists in the financial record and a statement due the misstatements happens due to the lack of control in place. And when it is identified then the common practice is to manipulate the financial record or statements. So for this reason external auditors roles comes. It can only be minimised by the regular audit and taking the needful steps on the basis of audit reports. The strategic risk and the inherent risk both are threats to the company and those can be overcome through regular audit. To some extent strategic risk can be overcome through proper planning and back up plans. Because there are certain things which are beyond control like competitor strategy, market change then govt. policy or legislation changes etc. as One Tel entering a new market that will create a chain of operation with new customers and new operators. There will be many new challenges have to face like competition, the rate new taste and requirements of the customers, buying new equipment and infrastructures and new technology. Proper deployment of the resources is a real challenge. Task 2: Inherent Risk Factors: Inherent risk is the presence of misstatements due to the fraud, ignorance, or lack of internal control in place. This is the job of an auditor to find out the probable risk from the financial records or statements. It also happens if the transaction is complex so to mitigate this company has to take some steps which can simplify the transactions. Inherent risks increase the probability of error misstatements. The main factors are due to errors and omission, it is an audit risk. The financial sector is highly under the inherent risk because the lots of cash transaction done. Sometimes the strategic decision is also responsible for inherent risk. Apart from that rapid change in markets and the completions increase the inherent risks. State of the economy, economic growth or de growth can be a factor for inherent risk. Inflation is also to some extent increase the inherent risk. Availability of loans in low rate of interest may disturb the financial records as a result the risk may increase. For the pharmacy companies if the patents expires the companies may go through some marketing and competition problem. This will enhance the inherent risk in the balance level. The case of One Tel, we have seen it is already under cash crunch from the loss in the year 2000. This financial crisis will not allow entering a new market where there are lots of big player fighting. Entering a new market means lots of investment, new expense in licensing etc. As One Tel is penetrating a new market that means lots of infrastructural cost is involved new network has to be established, new office, hiring a new people as well as big promotional cost is involved(Auasb, 2009). There is a huge fund needed to fulfil the basic necessity as well as the up gradation of technology, new loans will create an impact on the profitability as the interest payment has to done from cash inflow. The regulations and the legislation are major hick ups for the MA. Significant inherent risk is to build the network and coverage. These are the prime challenges every telecom company has to face specially when entering a new market. The long term target of the company sometimes increases the competition which led to the inherent risk(Gary S. Monroe, 2008). The One Tel floated fresh public shares to collect fund from the market that would become an extra burden on the repay and pay the revenue and dividends from the margins. Task 3: Going concern is the assumption on factors that that a company will retain in the business in the coming future. Auditors evaluate the going concerns on the basis of entitys ability for every company the analyses of risk factors are essential, the evaluation and the strategy making are also a challenging job for the board and the management of every entity. What we have found from the cash flow, balance sheet as well as other financial records that the risk of One Tel is medium. One Tel is a big telecom company in Australia, founded in 1995 by Jodi Rich and Brad Keeling. The motto was to sell the mobile phones to the youth through one.net. And gradually it has come in Australias top five telephone company. The going concern based on multiple parameters(Monem, 2011). When a new company penetrating a new area or market for business, the research and planning starts from very early days. Lot of efforts as well as lots of funds are required to get the confidence of the market. Quality as well as the quantity is required and for that lots of cash flow is also needed so the risk of paying the interest is there. The investors should have the confidence not only the company also the management, expertise, previous financial records etc. There are few external factors are also responsible like global economy, in a very fluctuating economic condition the expansion would not be a very good idea. If it is done then the management or the board will carry a huge risk. Even the internal or nations economic conditions have to be taken under consideration. In a volatile condition this will harm the profitability of the company. In such conditions govt. may change the legislations, laws or the taxation policy. Planning is important the investors will check the feasibility of long term, mid - term and the short term planning. At least the short term and the mid- term planning should be more concrete. Planning means forecasting its makes a bridge between where we are and where we want to be. The budget and this forecasting are very important. The One Tel when planning to enter a new market where the trend of using the landline is going down and the mobile handset selling and consumption is going high. The budget should be based on lower revenue at least for first few years as the market competition is also very high(Colvin, 2007). Loan defaults, if, of the company has to bring under consideration. It is difficult to get the loans of investment if the company is a defaulter. Though the going concern concept is not coming under the accounting principles but the GAAS has instructed the auditors to take this under their considerations. References: Auasb. (2009, October). Auditing Standard ASA 200 Overall Objectives of the Independent Auditor and the Conduct of an Audit in Accordance with AustralianAuditing Standards . Retrieved September 22, 2016, from auasb: https://www.auasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/asa_200_27-10-09.pdf Colvin, M. (2007, April 03). Packer investment analyst questioned over One.Tel. Retrieved September 22, 2016, from Abc: https://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2007/s1889031.htm Gary S. Monroe. (2008, December 31). The Importance Of Inherent Risk Factors: Auditors Perceptions. Retrieved September 22, 2016, from wiley: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1835-2561.1993.tb00370.x/abstract;jsessionid=EA77CC8850D589C84CE3CDEAC568D650.f02t02?userIsAuthenticated=falsedeniedAccessCustomisedMessage= Investopedia. (2015, April 16). What are some examples of inherent risk? Retrieved September 22, 2016, from investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/041615/what-are-some-examples-inherent-risk.asp Monem, R. (2011). The One-Tel Collapse: Lessons for Corporate Governance . Retrieved September 22, 2016, from griffith: https://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/handle/10072/42673/74746_1.pdf?sequence=1 Nocco, B. W., Stulz, R. M. (2006). Enterprise Risk Management: Theory and Practice. Retrieved September 22, 2016, from https://fisher.osu.edu/supplements/10/10402/enterprise-risk-mgt.pdf Quora. (2013, May 10). Financial Risk. Retrieved September 22, 2016, from quora: https://www.quora.com/Is-risk-relative-or-absolute-Does-inherent-risk-exist-Does-risk-always-depend-on-the-specific-situation Ranong, P. N., Phuenngam, W. (2009, May 11). Critical Success Factors for effective risk management procedures in financial industries . Retrieved September 22, 2016, from diva-portal: https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:233985/fulltext01